正念减压疗法对妊娠呕吐妇女负性情绪和生活质量的影响

目的 探析正念减压疗法对妊娠呕吐妇女负性情绪和生活质量的影响。 方法 将2017年5月-2018年5月在我院治疗的90例妊娠呕吐妇女纳入本研究,采用数字表法随机分成研究组和对照组,每组各45例。对照组接受宣教,研究组在对照组上实施正念减压疗法。分别于入组时、干预4周和干预8周采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(generic quality of life inventory-74,GQOLI-74)进行评估,比较2组妊娠呕吐妇女负性情绪和生活质量。 结果 2组SAS、SDS评分及生活质量综合评定问卷总分在组间效应、时间效应及交互效应上差异具统计学意义。 结论 妊娠呕吐妇女进行正念减压疗法,能够显著减轻妊娠呕吐妇女负性情绪和提高生活质量,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

Hair hormones in male youth with internet gaming disorder

Objectives: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is associated with altered physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. Findings from a previous study on alterations of basal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, indexed by differences in hair hormone levels (i.e., cortisol) in IGD patients compared to matched controls, were limited by a small sample size.

Methods: Following the protocol of the previous study, male patients with IGD (n?=?31) and controls (n?=?31) matched for age, educational status and smoking were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using structured interviews and self-reports. Hair samples were taken for the analysis of cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and corticosterone.

Results: Groups showed no significant differences on cortisol (d?=??0.10, 95%CI (?0.60; 0.40)), cortisone (d?=??0.10, 95%CI (?0.60; 0.40)), testosterone (d?=??0.00, 95%CI (?0.51; 0.51)), progesterone (d?=??0.46, 95%CI (?0.96; 0.05)), DHEA (d?=??0.04, 95%CI (?0.54; 0.47)) or corticosterone (d?=??0.19, 95%CI (?0.69; 0.32)). Associations between hair hormone concentrations, symptom severity and sociodemographic variables were weak and did not survive correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions: Unlike other psychiatric disorders, effects of IGD and associated psychopathology on basal HPA axis functioning, indexed by hair hormone levels, are negligible. Future studies need to rule out potential effects of sex, age and long-term pathology on these findings.     

Niacinamide and 12‐hydroxystearic acid prevented benzo(a)pyrene and squalene peroxides induced hyperpigmentation in skin equivalent

Skin surface is constantly exposed to environmental and secreted stressors such as UV, air pollution and peroxidized sebum. The current study aims to use reconstructed human skin equivalents to demonstrate topical stressor‐induced hyperpigmentation and evaluate bioactives’ potential protective effect. Given that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are representative airborne particle‐bound organic compounds with known relevance to pigmentation pathways, benzo(a)pyrene was selected as surrogate environmental toxin. On the other hand, squalene monohydroperoxides are well‐characterized sebum peroxidation product under UV and pollutant exposure, thus are used as another representative skin stressor. With 3‐day continuous exposure, 30 pmol/cm² of benzo(a)pyrene and 3.4 nmol/cm² of squalene monohydroperoxides induced significant viability loss, inflammatory response, and approximately 10 shades of pigmentation increase in pigmented living skin equivalents. At the same time, pretreatment and co‐treatment with 12‐hydroxystearic acid (12‐HSA, 20 μmol/L) or niacinamide (5 mmol/L) ameliorated such stressor‐induced consequences. Niacinamide was particularly effective against benzo(a)pyrene damage, probably as a substrate for important NAD+ dependent detoxification pathways, while 12‐HSA was potent against squalene monohydroperoxides through barrier enhancing, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidative mechanisms. In summary, topical stressor‐induced hyperpigmentation was achieved in vitro, with known bioactives showing protective benefits.     

Felbamate produces antidepressant‐like actions in the chronic unpredictable mild stress and chronic social defeat stress models of depression

Felbamate is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant‐like actions of felbamate in mice. The effects of felbamate were first assessed using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), and then investigated in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) models of depression. The changes in the hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling cascade after chronic stress and felbamate treatment were also examined. It was found that felbamate exhibited antidepressant‐like activities in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Felbamate was also effective in both the CUMS and CSDS models of depression. Moreover, felbamate administration fully restored the decreased hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway in both the CUMS‐stressed and CSDS‐stressed mice. Collectively, felbamate has antidepressant‐like actions in mice involving the hippocampal BDNF system.     

创伤后应激障碍合并酒精使用障碍的访谈与治疗

本文目的是通过报道病例诊疗全过程,呈现创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)合并酒精使用障碍的临床诊疗思路及治疗方案。咨客,男性,55岁。12岁时目睹母亲自杀的全过程,随后出现恐惧、孤独、失眠、回避谈论创伤相关话题、反复出现与创伤相关的梦境、易激惹、疼痛及酗酒等一系列情绪、认知、躯体及行为改变,并持续至今。社会功能明显受损,近1年和妻子离婚后症状加重而前来咨询。经过本次咨询,被诊断为PTSD合并酒精使用障碍。建议采用生物-心理-社会的综合干预方法,鼓励咨客进行规律运动,使用选择性5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRI)及第二代抗精神病药物改善情绪、缓解疼痛;心理治疗方面,推荐延迟暴露疗法和认知调整;社会资源方面,在症状缓解后,鼓励咨客积极寻找工作,创造挽回其前妻的可能性。